gsw_R_from_SP

conductivity ratio, R, from Practical Salinity

Contents

USAGE:

R = gsw_C_from_SP(SP,t,p)

DESCRIPTION:

Calculates conductivity ratio from (SP,t,p) using PSS-78 in the range 
2 < SP < 42.  If the input Practical Salinity is less than 2 then a 
modified form of the Hill et al. (1986) fomula is used for Practical 
Salinity.  The modification of the Hill et al. (1986) expression is to
ensure that it is exactly consistent with PSS-78 at SP = 2.
The conductivity ratio returned by this function is consistent with the
input value of Practical Salinity, SP, to 2x10^-14 psu over the full 
range of input parameters (from pure fresh water up to SP = 42 psu).  
This error of 2x10^-14 psu is machine precision at typical seawater 
salinities.  This accuracy is achieved by having four different 
polynomials for the starting value of Rtx (the square root of Rt) in 
four different ranges of SP, and by using one and a half iterations of 
a computationally efficient modified Newton-Raphson technique to find 
the root of the equation.  
Note that strictly speaking PSS-78 (Unesco, 1983) defines Practical
Salinity in terms of the conductivity ratio, R, without actually
specifying the value of C(35,15,0) (which we currently take to be
42.9140 mS cm^-1 (Culkin and Smith, 1980)).
TEOS-10 
Click for a more detailed description of calculating the
conductivity ratio, R, from Practical Salinity.

INPUT:

SP  =  Practical Salinity  (PSS-78)                         [ unitless ]
t   =  in-situ temperature (ITS-90)                            [ deg C ]
p   =  sea pressure                                             [ dbar ]
       (ie. absolute pressure - 10.1325 dbar)
SP & t need to have the same dimensions.
p may have dimensions 1x1 or Mx1 or 1xN or MxN, where SP & t are MxN.

OUTPUT:

R   =  conductivity ratio                                  [ unitless ]

EXAMPLE:

SP = [34.5487; 34.7275; 34.8605; 34.6810; 34.5680; 34.5600;]
t =  [28.7856; 28.4329; 22.8103; 10.2600;  6.8863;  4.4036;]
p =  [     10;      50;     125;     250;     600;    1000;]
R = gsw_R_from_SP(SP,t,p)
R =
   1.314550020542741
   1.312303341629770
   1.180742166518477
   0.888626530645112
   0.816903053493854
   0.768666416740227

AUTHOR:

Trevor McDougall, Paul Barker and Rich Pawlowicz         [ help@teos-10.org ]

VERSION NUMBER:

3.05 (16th February, 2015)

REFERENCES:

Hill, K.D., T.M. Dauphinee and D.J. Woods, 1986: The extension of the
 Practical Salinity Scale 1978 to low salinities. IEEE J. Oceanic Eng.,
 OE-11, 1, 109 - 112.
IOC, SCOR and IAPSO, 2010: The international thermodynamic equation of
 seawater - 2010: Calculation and use of thermodynamic properties.
 Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Manuals and Guides No. 56,
 UNESCO (English), 196 pp.  Available from the TEOS-10 web site.
  See appendix E of this TEOS-10 Manual.
Unesco, 1983: Algorithms for computation of fundamental properties of
 seawater. Unesco Technical Papers in Marine Science, 44, 53 pp.
The software is available from http://www.TEOS-10.org